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Navigating the Diagnostic Process


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The diagnostic process can feel like a daunting journey for families. We appreciate that every child's experience is unique, and having navigated this process with many families at Pathways to Potential, we want to share some invaluable insights. Our aim is to guide you through what to expect, what resources to consider, and how to emerge stronger and more informed.

 

Understanding the Diagnostic Process

 

The journey often begins with noticing differences in your child's development. Whether it’s challenges in communication, social interactions, or repetitive behaviors, trust your instincts. The first step is typically visiting your child's pediatrician, who can rule out other medical concerns and recommend specialists for further evaluation.

 

There may be times that your provider may tell you that there is no need to worry about your child’s development, although your child is falling behind on several different important milestones. It is true that all children are different, and not everyone follows the same timeline for development. However, if you feel in your gut that your child should be evaluated, it is highly recommended you advocate for a referral. It is not uncommon to have to visit a second pediatrician to ensure that you are receiving the best information possible for your child.

 

If you are struggling to determine what is the best way to advocate for your child in this scenario, you can reach out to friends, family members, individuals in Facebook groups that have been through the same situation, or us at Pathways to Potential. We are always happy to brainstorm the best way to approach your provider, with no obligation to join our services. We just enjoy helping families.

 

Finding the Right Provider

 

A range of professionals can conduct an autism diagnostic evaluation. Here are a few of the key players:

 

- Developmental Pediatricians: They specialize in children's developmental issues and can provide comprehensive evaluations.

- Child Psychiatrists: These medical doctors can assess and diagnose mental health conditions, including autism.

- Clinical Psychologists: They often have expertise in assessing and diagnosing autism through standardized tests and observations.

- Pediatric Neurologists: They can also be involved in mental health assessments.

 

You can contact your insurance provider for lists of qualified providers in your area.

 

What to Expect During the Evaluation

 

A comprehensive diagnostic evaluation typically consists of multiple components:

 

1. Developmental History: Gathering information about your child’s growth and developmental milestones.

 

2. Observation: Professionals often observe your child's interactions and behaviors in various settings.

 

3. Standardized Tests: Evaluators utilize numerous tools to assess various developmental areas, including social skills, communication, and behavior.

 

Common Diagnostic Tools

 

Several evidence-based diagnostic tools are widely used by professionals, including:

 

- Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS-2): A semi-structured interaction that allows evaluators to observe behaviors across different contexts.


What does the ADOS-2 assess?

Communication skills: How well the individual communicates

Social interaction: How well the individual interacts with others

Imaginative use of materials: How the individual uses materials to create something imaginative


Who can take the ADOS-2?

Individuals of all ages, from 12 months to adulthood

Individuals with a variety of developmental levels and language skills


How is the ADOS-2 administered?

A trained clinician conducts a semi-structured play or interview session

The session is tailored to the individual's age and communication level

The session typically takes 30–60 minutes


What happens after the ADOS-2?

The clinician reviews the assessment with the individual and their family

The clinician shares scores and provides recommendations

The family receives a written report within two weeks



- Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R): A structured interview with parents that covers developmental history and current behaviors.


What does the ADI-R do?

Assess developmental history: The ADI-R asks about a child's early development, language acquisition, and social interactions. 

Identify behavioral issues: The ADI-R looks for behavioral issues related to communication, social interaction, and repetitive behaviors. 

Plan treatment and education: The ADI-R can help with treatment and educational planning. 


How is the ADI-R used?

The ADI-R is often used in conjunction with the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS). 

The ADI-R is most accurate when used to assess toddlers and children age 4 and up. 

The ADI-R is considered a "gold standard" assessment measure for autism


Who administers the ADI-R?

A trained professional, like a psychologist or clinician, administers the ADI-R.


-Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS): A tool that helps determine the severity of autism symptoms in children.


What does the CARS assess?

Social communication: How well the child relates to others

Emotional reactivity: How the child responds to emotions

Stereotyped behaviors: Unusual behaviors that the child may exhibit

Sensory sensitivities: How the child responds to sensory input


How is the CARS administered?

A trained clinician observes the child and rates each item on a scale

The clinician considers the frequency, intensity, duration, and atypicality of the behavior

The clinician also considers the child's age


What does the CARS score mean?

A total score of 15 indicates normal functioning, while a score of 60 indicates severe autism 

A score between 30 and 36.5 indicates mild to moderate autism 


Why is the CARS used?

It's used to diagnose autism and Asperger's Syndrome

It's used to determine the severity of autism

It's used to design interventions

It's used to provide feedback to parents


How Do I know Which Assessments my Child Needs?


-Your insurance company determines which evaluation tools they require to cover autism therapy services for your child. It can be helpful to call and ask a customer service representative. However, most individuals that are certified diagnosticians do utilize one or more of these evaluation tools as standard practice.

 

Helpful Resources

 

As you navigate this journey, consider using these resources for additional support:

 

- Autism Society: Provides educational materials, guidance, and local resources. Click HERE

- CDC’s Learn the Signs Act Early: Offers developmental milestones and tips for tracking your child's progress. Click Here to view their website, and even download their free milestone tracker app.

- Healthy Children.org: A valuable source of information on autism symptoms research, and local services. Click HERE

 

 

Embarking on the diagnostic process can feel overwhelming, but remember: you are not alone. It’s a journey towards understanding and support for your child. A diagnosis of autism is not about labeling your child or about focusing on the negative, it is about learning how to best set up their environment to help them succeed. It is also about helping them accept and celebrate their individuality as they grow.

 

As you navigate this path, use the resources available, lean on your support network, and trust your instincts as a parent. At Pathways to Potential, we are here to offer guidance, encouragement, and therapy tailored to your child’s unique needs. Together, we can help pave the way for a brighter future. Embrace this journey—it opens the door to unlocking your child's potential!

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